Kazakhstan

Ancestries of modern Kazkahs dating back to 751 year started to accept Islam as a major religion in Central Asia. The reason was the help of Arab armies, under the command of Kuteib-ibn-Muslim helped Turkic tribes to fight against Tan Empire in a battle in Talas, close to modern Taraz city in Kazakhstan. They won the army of Tan Empire and Turks allowed Arabs to stay on their territories, where Arabs started to spread Islam among Turkic tribes. Koca, Kozha, Hoca, Hoja (Kz: Қожалар) are direct descendents of Arabs in Central Asia. They primarily live in South Kazakhstan, and their nationalities: Kazakh, Uzbek, Dungans.

Kozhalar are not included to the tribal-generic structure of Kazakh zhuzs. Together with Tore ( descendants of Chengiz Khan) they are Ak suiek.
The origin of the word Khoja comes from Persian word Khvadzha - «Lord»). According to the genealogical story (Shezhire), recorded in ХIХ century in Syr-Daria Oblast, Khozhas are the descendants of three Saints (Aulie) from Bukhara — Appak Seid Khodzha, Khafiz Seid Khodzha and Magady Seid Khodzha. Different groupings started from there: Seit-Khodzha, Horasan-Khodzha, etc. Each group started their own family tree, which leads them to Muhammed or the first four Halifs — Abu Bekry, Omar, Osman and Ali.

In most cases Khodzhas served as representatives of Cult of Saints, organizers of Aul schools (religious mektebs) and teachers. Using their sacrosanctity as sacred generation they played a role of middlemen in cases of conflicts between the tribes.

Islam religion -- Kozhalar shezhiresi -- Akkorgan Kozhalar -- Karakhandyk Kozhalar -- Duana Kozhalar -- Horasan Kozhalar -- Ishak Kozhalar

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Kurmangazy Sagyrbaev (1818-1889) - composer-kiuishi, classic of Kazakh instrumental music. Kurmangazy takes particular place in the musical culture of Kazakhstan. If you wish to hear the pulse and breath of Kazakh land, if you wish to become aware of what the free wind of the boundless steppe spaces sing, to feel the joy of swift race of the flying horses, if you wish to comprehend the power of the Kazakh people, then listen to the kiuis by Kurmangazy. His kiuis «Saryarka», «Balbyraun», «Serper», «Adai» the Kazakhs associate with the image of the Motherland.Born among common people, Kurmangazy all his life fought against iniquity of Kazakh bais, defended the common people’s rights. Persecution, unjust accusations, prison could not crush the kiuishi’s resistance. Keenly responding to the events happening around him, Kurmangazy created again sincerely the wide panorama of Kazakh people’s life. The kiuis «Saryarka», «Alatau», «Bulbuldyn kurgyry» glorify the beauty of the native land, the kiuis «Kishkentai», «Toremurat», «Adai» create the mighty images of the heroes-batyrs, «Kairan sheshem», «Kyzyl kaiyn», «Ksen ashkan» reflect the concrete events of the kiuishi’s life. The majority of Kurmangazy’s kiuis are notable for dynamic character, fast rate, large-scale forms, covering the dombra’s range. The kiuishi’s art represents the peak of the West Kazakhstani Dombra School’s development, because Kurmangazy magnificently realised in his work the heroic batyr themes, taking the dominating position in the culture of the given region. People preserved the creative work of Kurmangazy with great care, and now more than sixty kiuis are known.As tribute to the memory of this great genius, the Kazakh State Academic Folk Orchestra, Almaty State Conservatory, children’s musical schools, youth competitions are all named for Kurmangazy. See «Legends» for the story of the creation of the epic composition «Saryarka» by Kurmangazy.